xuexiziliao

高一英语上册教程——高中英语语法衔接

11 阅读 2026-06-02
内容简介

系统讲解高一上册英语核心内容，涵盖定语从句深化、名词性从句、非谓语动词入门、阅读策略、写作框架等，帮助学生衔接初高中英语。

高一英语上册教程——高中英语语法衔接

适用年级：高一上册
科目：英语
定位：帮助学生从初中英语平稳过渡到高中英语，系统掌握核心语法与技能

目录

第一章 定语从句深化

1.1 什么是定语从句？

定语从句（Attributive Clause）是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，在句中充当定语的作用。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词（antecedent），定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。

初中回顾：在初中阶段，同学们已经接触过简单的定语从句，例如：

The boy who is standing there is my brother.
（站在那里的男孩是我的哥哥。）

进入高中后，我们需要更深入地理解定语从句的类型、关系词的选择以及一些特殊情况。

1.2 关系代词详解

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语。常用的关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that。

关系代词 指代对象 在从句中充当
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人/物 定语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人/物 主语、宾语

例句分析：

  1. who 作主语：

    The teacher who teaches us English is very kind.
    （教我们英语的老师非常和蔼。）

  2. whom 作宾语：

    The girl whom you met yesterday is my cousin.
    （你昨天遇到的女孩是我的表妹。）

  3. whose 作定语：

    The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.
    （父亲是医生的那个男孩学习非常努力。）

  4. which 作主语：

    The book which was written by Lu Xun is very famous.
    （鲁迅写的那本书非常有名。）

  5. that 作宾语：

    This is the movie that I like best.
    （这是我最喜欢的电影。）

1.3 关系副词详解

关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。常用的关系副词有：when, where, why。

关系副词 先行词 在从句中充当 相当于
when 时间名词 时间状语 in/on/at which
where 地点名词 地点状语 in/at/on which
why reason 原因状语 for which

例句分析：

  1. when 引导：

    I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
    （我仍然记得第一次来到这所学校的那一天。）
    = I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.

  2. where 引导：

    This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.
    （这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。）
    = This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

  3. why 引导：

    I don't know the reason why he was late.
    （我不知道他迟到的原因。）
    = I don't know the reason for which he was late.

1.4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

这是高中阶段的一个重点和难点。

限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整或不明确。不用逗号与主句隔开。

The man who came to see me is my uncle.
（来看我的那个人是我叔叔。）——去掉从句后，"The man is my uncle"意思不明确。

非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，即使去掉，主句意思仍然完整。用逗号与主句隔开。不能用 that 引导。

My mother, who is a teacher, is very patient.
（我的妈妈是一名教师，她非常有耐心。）——去掉从句后，"My mother is very patient"仍然完整。

Beijing, where I was born, is the capital of China.
（北京是中国的首都，我在那里出生。）

⚠️ 特别注意：

  • 非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导。
  • 非限制性定语从句可以修饰整个主句，而不仅仅是某个名词。

He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.
（他通过了考试，这让他父母很高兴。）——which 指代前面整件事。

1.5 只能用 that 不能用 which 的情况

这是高考常考的知识点，同学们必须牢记：

  1. 先行词被序数词修饰时：

    This is the first book that I read in English.
    （这是我读的第一本英文书。）

  2. 先行词被最高级修饰时：

    This is the best film that I have ever seen.
    （这是我看过的最好的电影。）

  3. 先行词被 all, every, any, no, the only, the very 等修饰时：

    All that glitters is not gold.
    （闪光的不一定都是金子。）

  4. 先行词既有人又有物时：

    He talked about the people and things that he remembered.
    （他谈到了他记得的人和事。）

  5. 主句以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句中：

    Who is the girl that is standing over there?
    （站在那边的女孩是谁？）

1.6 定语从句总结表格

考点 规则 示例
who vs. that 指人时可互换（非限制性除外） The man who/that came...
which vs. that 指物时多数可互换 The book which/that...
介词 + 关系代词 介词提前时不能用 that the house in which...
非限制性从句 不能用 that，用逗号隔开 My sister, who is...
只用 that 序数词/最高级/不定代词等 the best that...

1.7 典型例题及解答

例题1：The woman ______ is talking to my mother is my aunt.

  1. which
  2. who
  3. whose
  4. whom

答案：B

解析：先行词是 the woman（人），关系代词在从句中作主语，所以用 who。

例题2：This is the school ______ I studied for three years.

  1. which
  2. that
  3. where
  4. when

答案：C

解析：先行词是 the school（地点），关系词在从句中作地点状语（I studied in the school），所以用 where。

例题3：He has two sons, both of ______ are doctors.

  1. them
  2. who
  3. whom
  4. which

答案：C

解析：这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 sons（人），介词 of 后面用宾格 whom。

例题4：Is this the factory ______ you visited last week?

  1. that
  2. where
  3. in which
  4. the one

答案：A

解析：先行词是 the factory，关系词在从句中作 visited 的宾语（visited the factory），所以用 that（也可以用 which）。where 是关系副词，不能作宾语。

1.8 练习题

  1. The girl ______ father is a famous singer wants to be a doctor.
  2. I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
  3. The reason ______ he was late was that he missed the bus.
  4. She told me everything ______ she knew.
  5. The house, ______ was built in 1920, is still in good condition.
  6. This is the most interesting book ______ I have ever read.
  7. Do you know the man ______ our teacher is talking to?
  8. Guilin, ______ I visited last summer, is a beautiful city.

第二章 名词性从句入门

2.1 什么是名词性从句？

名词性从句（Noun Clause）就是在句子中起名词作用的从句。根据在句中充当的成分不同，名词性从句分为四种：

类型 功能 例句
主语从句 作主语 What he said is true.
宾语从句 作宾语 I don't know where he lives.
表语从句 作表语 The problem is that we are short of money.
同位语从句 作同位语 The news that he won the prize is true.

2.2 引导名词性从句的连接词

连接词 作用 是否有含义 是否作成分
that 无实义 否 否
whether/if 是否 是 否
what ……的东西/事情 是 是（主/宾/表）
who 谁 是 是（主/宾/表）
whom 谁 是 是（宾语）
whose 谁的 是 是（定语）
which 哪一个 是 是（定语）
when 什么时候 是 是（时间状语）
where 哪里 是 是（地点状语）
how 如何 是 是（方式状语）
why 为什么 是 是（原因状语）

2.3 主语从句

主语从句在句中充当主语。引导主语从句的常见连接词有 that, whether, what, who, when, where, how, why 等。

直接作主语：

That he passed the exam surprised us all.
（他通过了考试，这让我们都很惊讶。）

What you said is very important.
（你说的话非常重要。）

Whether he will come or not is still unknown.
（他是否会来还不知道。）

用 it 作形式主语（更常见、更自然的表达）：

It is clear that the earth is round.
（很明显地球是圆的。）

It is unknown whether he will come.
（他是否会来还不知道。）

It surprised us all that he passed the exam.
（他通过了考试，这让我们都很惊讶。）

⚠️ 注意：

  • that 引导主语从句时不能省略。
  • whether 可以引导主语从句，if 不可以引导主语从句。

✅ Whether he will come is unknown.
❌ If he will come is unknown.

2.4 宾语从句

宾语从句在句中充当宾语，是初中阶段已经学过的内容，高中需要进一步巩固。

I think (that) he is right.
（我认为他是对的。）——that 可以省略。

I don't know whether/if he will come.
（我不知道他是否会来。）

Can you tell me where the station is?
（你能告诉我车站在哪里吗？）

I wonder what happened to him.
（我想知道他发生了什么事。）

⚠️ 注意事项：

  1. 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，不能用疑问句语序。

    ✅ I don't know where he lives.
    ❌ I don't know where does he live.

  2. 宾语从句的时态要与主句保持一致（时态呼应）。

    He said (that) he was tired.（主句过去时，从句也用过去时态） He says (that) he is tired.（主句现在时，从句用相应时态）

  3. if 和 whether 的区别：

    • 介词后面只能用 whether：I'm worried about whether he'll come.
    • 与 or not 直接连用时只能用 whether：I don't know whether or not he'll come.
    • 作主语从句时只能用 whether（前面已提到）。

2.5 表语从句

表语从句在句中充当表语，位于系动词（be, seem, look 等）之后。

The problem is that we don't have enough time.
（问题是我们没有足够的时间。）

This is what I want to say.
（这就是我想说的。）

It looks as if it is going to rain.
（看起来好像要下雨了。）

The question is whether we can finish it on time.
（问题是我们能否按时完成。）

⚠️ 注意：

  • 表语从句中 that 不能省略。
  • reason 后面的表语从句用 that 引导，不用 because。

✅ The reason was that he was ill.
❌ The reason was because he was ill.

2.6 同位语从句

同位语从句用于解释说明前面名词的具体内容。常跟同位语从句的名词有：news, fact, idea, thought, belief, hope, possibility, suggestion, doubt 等。

The news that our team won the game made us excited.
（我们队赢得了比赛的消息让我们很兴奋。）

I have no idea when he will be back.
（我不知道他什么时候会回来。）

The fact that the earth is round is known to all.
（地球是圆的这一事实是众所周知的。）

同位语从句与定语从句的区别（难点）：

对比项 同位语从句 定语从句
作用 解释名词内容 修饰限定名词
that 的功能 不作成分，无实义 作成分（主语/宾语）
能否省略 that 不能省略 作宾语时可省略
先行词 抽象名词 各类名词

对比例句：

  • The news that he told me is true.（定语从句——that 作 told 的宾语，"他告诉我的"那个消息）
  • The news that he won the prize is true.（同位语从句——that 不作成分，解释消息的内容："他获奖了"）

2.7 名词性从句总结表格

从句类型 位置 引导词 关键注意点
主语从句 句首 / it 形式主语 that, whether, what 等 that 不可省；if 不能引导
宾语从句 动词/介词后 that, if/whether, what 等 陈述语序；时态呼应
表语从句 系动词后 that, what, as if 等 that 不可省；reason 后用 that
同位语从句 抽象名词后 that, whether, what 等 与定语从句区分

2.8 典型例题及解答

例题1：______ he will come or not doesn't matter much.

  1. If
  2. Whether
  3. That
  4. What

答案：B

解析：主语从句位于句首，表示"是否"，只能用 whether，不能用 if。or not 直接跟在 whether 后面。

例题2：The reason why he was late was ______ he missed the early bus.

  1. because
  2. since
  3. that
  4. for

答案：C

解析：reason 后面的表语从句用 that 引导，不用 because。

例题3：I have no idea ______ he has gone.

  1. where
  2. which
  3. what
  4. that

答案：A

解析：同位语从句，解释 idea 的内容。"他去了哪里"，用 where。

例题4：It is reported ______ a new school will be built in our town.

  1. which
  2. what
  3. that
  4. whether

答案：C

解析：it 作形式主语，that 引导真正的主语从句，无实义，不作成分。

2.9 练习题

  1. ______ is known to all is that the earth goes around the sun.
  2. Could you tell me ______ the post office is?
  3. The fact ______ he didn't pass the exam made his parents sad.
  4. My suggestion is ______ we should start early.
  5. I'm not sure ______ he will agree to the plan.
  6. It doesn't matter ______ you come or not.
  7. ______ he said at the meeting surprised everyone.
  8. The teacher told us ______ the earth moves around the sun.

第三章 非谓语动词入门

3.1 什么是非谓语动词？

非谓语动词（Non-finite Verb）就是不能单独作谓语的动词形式。在英语中，一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词，如果需要表达多个动作，就要使用非谓语动词。

非谓语动词有三种形式：

形式 构成 特征
不定式（Infinitive） to + 动词原形 表目的、将来
动名词（Gerund） V-ing 表习惯、一般性动作
分词（Participle） 现在分词 V-ing / 过去分词 V-ed 表主动/进行 / 被动/完成

3.2 不定式（to do）

3.2.1 不定式作主语

To learn English well is not easy.
（学好英语不容易。）

常用 it 作形式主语：

It is not easy to learn English well.

It is important for us to study hard.
（对我们来说努力学习很重要。）

It is kind of you to help me.
（你帮助我真是太好了。）

for sb. to do 和 of sb. to do 的区别：

  • for sb. to do：形容词描述事物的性质（important, necessary, difficult 等）
  • of sb. to do：形容词描述人的品质（kind, nice, clever, foolish, polite 等）

3.2.2 不定式作宾语

有些动词后面只能接不定式作宾语，常见的有：

want, hope, wish, decide, plan, agree, refuse, promise, expect, afford, manage, pretend, fail, learn, offer 等。

I want to go to college.
（我想上大学。）

He decided to study abroad.
（他决定出国留学。）

She promised to help me with my homework.
（她答应帮我做作业。）

3.2.3 不定式作宾语补足语

The teacher asked us to clean the classroom.
（老师让我们打扫教室。）

I want you to be honest with me.
（我希望你对我诚实。）

使役动词和感官动词后接不定式作宾补时，省略 to（但在被动语态中要还原 to）：

I saw him cross the road.（主动——省略 to） He was seen to cross the road.（被动——还原 to）

She made me laugh.（主动——省略 to） I was made to laugh by her.（被动——还原 to）

常见的省略 to 的动词：make, let, have（使役动词）和 see, hear, watch, feel, notice（感官动词）。

3.2.4 不定式作定语

不定式作定语放在被修饰的名词后面。

I have a lot of homework to do.
（我有很多作业要做。）

He is the first person to arrive.
（他是第一个到的人。）

I need a pen to write with.
（我需要一支写字的笔。）——注意介词 with 不能省略。

3.2.5 不定式作状语

不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果或原因。

表目的：

He got up early to catch the first bus.
（他早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。）

I came here to see you.
（我来这里是为了见你。）

表结果（常与 enough, too...to, so...as to 搭配）：

He is old enough to go to school.
（他到了上学的年龄。）

She is too young to understand this.
（她太小了，不理解这件事。）

表原因：

I'm glad to see you.
（见到你很高兴。）

3.3 动名词（V-ing 作名词）

3.3.1 动名词作主语

Swimming is good for health.
（游泳有益健康。）

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
（在阳光下看书对你的眼睛不好。）

3.3.2 动名词作宾语

有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有：

enjoy, finish, mind, practice, suggest, avoid, consider, imagine, keep, miss, risk, give up, can't help, feel like, be worth 等。

I enjoy listening to music.
（我喜欢听音乐。）

He finished doing his homework at 10 pm.
（他晚上10点做完了作业。）

Would you mind opening the window?
（你介意打开窗户吗？）

She practices playing the piano every day.
（她每天练习弹钢琴。）

3.3.3 既可以接不定式又可以接动名词的动词

有些动词后面既可以接不定式也可以接动名词，但意思不同：

动词 接 to do 接 V-ing
remember 记得要做（未做） 记得做过（已做）
forget 忘记要做（未做） 忘记做过（已做）
stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止正在做的事
try 努力去做 尝试做做看
regret 遗憾地要做 后悔做过

例句对比：

I remember to lock the door.（我记得要去锁门——还没锁） I remember locking the door.（我记得锁过门了——已经锁了）

He stopped to smoke.（他停下来去抽烟——停下手中的事，开始抽烟） He stopped smoking.（他戒烟了——停止抽烟这个习惯）

I forgot to bring my book.（我忘记带书了——没带） I forgot bringing my book.（我忘记自己带过书了——带了但忘了）

3.4 分词

3.4.1 现在分词（V-ing）与过去分词（V-ed）

分词形式 含义特征 例句
现在分词 (V-ing) 主动、进行 exciting, surprising, boring
过去分词 (V-ed) 被动、完成 excited, surprised, bored

作定语：

The running water is very clean.（正在流动的水很干净。——主动/进行） The broken window was repaired yesterday.（打破的窗户昨天修好了。——被动/完成）

作表语：

The movie is exciting.（这部电影令人激动。——修饰物） I am excited about the movie.（我对这部电影感到激动。——修饰人）

⚠️ 重要区分：

  • -ing 形式：描述事物的特征，表示"令人……的"
  • -ed 形式：描述人的感受，表示"感到……的"
-ing (令人…) -ed (感到…)
interesting interested
boring bored
exciting excited
surprising surprised
disappointing disappointed
frightening frightened
confusing confused
satisfying satisfied

The news is surprising.（这个消息令人惊讶。） I am surprised at the news.（我对这个消息感到惊讶。）

3.4.2 分词作状语

分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。

现在分词作状语（主动）：

Walking along the street, I met an old friend.
（沿着街道走的时候，我遇到了一位老朋友。——时间/伴随）

Not knowing what to do, he asked the teacher for help.
（不知道该怎么办，他向老师求助。——原因）

过去分词作状语（被动）：

Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
（从山上看，这座城市很美。——时间/条件）

Told to wait, he sat down quietly.
（被告知要等一下，他安静地坐了下来。——原因）

⚠️ 分词作状语的关键规则：

  • 分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。
  • 如果主语是动作的执行者，用现在分词（主动）。
  • 如果主语是动作的承受者，用过去分词（被动）。

✅ Seeing the teacher, the students stood up.（学生看见老师——学生是 see 的执行者） ❌ Seeing the teacher, the bell rang.（× 铃声不能"看见"老师）

3.5 非谓语动词总结表格

形式 作主语 作宾语 作定语 作状语 作宾补
不定式 to do ✅ ✅ ✅（后置） ✅（目的/结果） ✅
动名词 V-ing ✅ ✅ ✅（前置） ❌ ❌
现在分词 V-ing ❌ ❌ ✅（前置/后置） ✅（主动） ✅
过去分词 V-ed ❌ ❌ ✅（前置/后置） ✅（被动） ✅

3.6 典型例题及解答

例题1：I can't help ______ when I watch the funny movie.

  1. laugh
  2. to laugh
  3. laughing
  4. laughed

答案：C

解析：can't help doing 表示"忍不住做某事"，是固定搭配。

例题2：The teacher asked us ______ so much noise.

  1. don't make
  2. not make
  3. not making
  4. not to make

答案：D

解析：ask sb. to do sth. 的否定形式是 ask sb. not to do sth.。

例题3：______ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.

  1. Seeing
  2. Seen
  3. Having seen
  4. To see

答案：B

解析：句子的主语是 the south foot of the mountain（山的南麓），它是"被看"的对象，所以用过去分词 seen 表被动。

例题4：I'm looking forward to ______ you again.

  1. see
  2. seeing
  3. seen
  4. saw

答案：B

解析：look forward to 中的 to 是介词，后面要接动名词（V-ing）。

例题5：The old man sat in the chair, ______ a newspaper.

  1. read
  2. reading
  3. to read
  4. was reading

答案：B

解析：现在分词 reading 作伴随状语，表示"坐在椅子上，同时看着报纸"。

3.7 练习题

  1. It is necessary for us ______ (learn) a foreign language.
  2. She enjoys ______ (listen) to pop music.
  3. I saw him ______ (cross) the street when I passed by.
  4. ______ (not know) his address, I couldn't visit him.
  5. The boy ______ (stand) at the gate is my brother.
  6. I remembered ______ (turn off) the lights before I left.
  7. The result of the test was rather ______ (disappoint).
  8. He went to the station ______ (catch) the early train.
  9. The building ______ (build) now will be a hospital.
  10. Would you mind ______ (open) the window?

第四章 高中英语阅读策略

4.1 初中到高中阅读的变化

从初中到高中，英语阅读有以下显著变化：

对比项 初中 高中
文章长度 150-250 词 300-500 词以上
词汇难度 基础词汇为主 出现大量生词和高级词汇
句子结构 简单句为主 复合句、长难句频繁出现
题目类型 细节查找为主 推理判断、主旨概括、词义猜测等
阅读速度 要求较低 要求快速阅读和信息筛选

4.2 高中阅读的核心策略

策略一：略读（Skimming）——把握主旨

略读是快速浏览文章，抓住文章大意的阅读方法。

操作步骤：

  1. 读标题和副标题
  2. 读每段的第一句话（主题句）
  3. 注意文章中的关键词和重复出现的词
  4. 快速浏览结尾段（通常有总结）

适用场景：回答"What is the main idea?" "What is the passage mainly about?" 等主旨题。

策略二：扫读（Scanning）——定位细节

扫读是带着问题快速查找特定信息的方法。

操作步骤：

  1. 先看题目，明确要找什么信息
  2. 用眼睛快速扫描文章，寻找关键词
  3. 找到相关段落后，仔细阅读该部分
  4. 对比选项，确认答案

适用场景：回答具体的事实性问题，如时间、地点、人物、数字等。

策略三：精读（Intensive Reading）——理解深层含义

精读是仔细阅读文章的某些部分，理解其深层含义和作者意图。

操作步骤：

  1. 仔细阅读相关段落
  2. 分析句子结构，理解长难句
  3. 根据上下文推断词义
  4. 理解作者的态度和观点

适用场景：回答推理判断题、观点态度题、词义猜测题。

4.3 高考常见阅读题型及解题技巧

题型一：主旨大意题

常见提问方式：

  • What is the main idea of the passage?
  • The passage is mainly about ______.
  • What would be the best title for the passage?

解题技巧：

  • 关注文章首尾段和每段首句
  • 注意高频出现的关键词
  • 选择概括性强、涵盖全文的选项
  • 避免选择过于片面或过于宽泛的选项

题型二：细节理解题

常见提问方式：

  • According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
  • When/Where/Who/What...?

解题技巧：

  • 根据题目关键词定位原文
  • 仔细对比选项与原文的表述
  • 注意选项中的"偷换概念""以偏概全""无中生有"

题型三：推理判断题

常见提问方式：

  • What can we infer from the passage?
  • It can be concluded that ______.
  • The author implies/suggests that ______.

解题技巧：

  • 推理必须基于文章内容，不能凭空想象
  • 注意文章中的暗示性语言
  • 排除过于绝对的选项（含 all, never, must, only 等）

题型四：词义猜测题

常见提问方式：

  • The underlined word "..." probably means ______.
  • What does the word "..." refer to?

解题技巧：

  • 利用上下文语境推断
  • 利用同义词、反义词线索
  • 利用构词法（前缀、后缀、词根）
  • 利用因果关系、对比关系等逻辑线索

4.4 长难句分析方法

高中阅读中经常遇到长难句，分析方法如下：

第一步：找到主句的主语和谓语

The student who won the first prize in the English competition was given a chance to study abroad.

  • 主语：The student
  • 谓语：was given
  • who won... 是定语从句修饰 student

第二步：识别从句和非谓语动词

Not knowing what to do, the boy, who had never been to the city before, stood at the corner, looking helplessly at the passing cars.

  • Not knowing... 是现在分词短语作原因状语
  • who had never been... 是定语从句修饰 boy
  • looking... 是现在分词短语作伴随状语
  • 主句：the boy stood at the corner

第三步：理清修饰关系，翻译全句

这个男孩以前从没来过这个城市，不知道该怎么办，站在角落里，无助地看着过往的车辆。

4.5 阅读理解典型例题

阅读材料：

Many students find it difficult to learn English vocabulary. They spend hours memorizing word lists but forget most of them within a week. Research suggests that the best way to remember new words is to use them in context. Instead of memorizing isolated words, students should try to read English articles, watch English movies, or have conversations in English. This way, new words are connected to real situations, making them easier to remember.

题目：What is the main idea of the passage?

  1. Students should memorize word lists every day.
  2. Learning English vocabulary is impossible.
  3. Using new words in context is the best way to remember them.
  4. Watching English movies is the only way to learn vocabulary.

答案：C

解析：文章的核心观点在第三句 "Research suggests that the best way to remember new words is to use them in context." 后面的例子都是为了支撑这一观点。A 是文中否定的做法；B 说法过于绝对；D 中的 "only" 过于绝对。

4.6 练习题

阅读下面的短文，回答问题。

Tom was a 15-year-old boy who loved playing computer games. He spent most of his free time in front of the screen. His mother was worried about him. One day, she took him to visit a science museum. Tom was surprised to find that science could be so interesting. He started to read science books and even joined a science club at school. A year later, he won first prize in a science competition. His mother was very proud of him.

  1. What did Tom like doing in his free time?
  2. Why was Tom's mother worried?
  3. What did Tom's mother do to help him?
  4. What happened after Tom visited the science museum?
  5. What can we learn from this passage?

第五章 高中英语写作框架

5.1 高中英语写作的基本要求

高中英语写作（书面表达）通常要求学生根据提示写一篇 100-120 词的短文。与初中相比，高中写作要求：

对比项 初中 高中
词汇 基础词汇 高级词汇替换
句式 简单句为主 复合句、特殊句式
结构 简单三段 清晰的逻辑结构
连接 少量连接词 丰富的过渡词和衔接手段
内容 基本覆盖要点 要点完整，适当拓展

5.2 高中英语写作的万能框架

框架一：三段式结构（最常用）

第一段：开头（引出话题 + 表明观点）（2-3 句）

常用的开头句型：

  • I'm writing to tell you about...（我写信是为了告诉你……）
  • Recently, the topic of... has attracted wide attention.（最近，……的话题引起了广泛关注）
  • As far as I'm concerned, ...（在我看来，……）
  • With the development of..., ...（随着……的发展，……）

第二段：正文（分点论述）（4-6 句）

常用的过渡词：

  • 表并列：firstly, secondly, thirdly / first of all, in addition, besides, moreover, furthermore
  • 表转折：however, but, on the other hand, nevertheless
  • 表因果：because, since, as a result, therefore, so
  • 表举例：for example, for instance, such as
  • 表总结：in a word, in conclusion, all in all, to sum up

第三段：结尾（总结 + 呼吁/展望）（2-3 句）

常用的结尾句型：

  • In conclusion, I believe that...（总之，我相信……）
  • I hope you will take my advice.（我希望你能采纳我的建议）
  • I'm looking forward to your reply.（我期待你的回复）
  • Only in this way can we...（只有这样我们才能……）

框架二：书信格式

开头：

  • Dear Tom,（Dear + 名字，用逗号）
  • I'm glad to receive your letter.（很高兴收到你的来信）
  • Thank you for your letter.（谢谢你的来信）

正文：按题目要求分段论述

结尾：

  • Best wishes!（祝好！）
  • Yours, / Yours sincerely, / Yours truly,
  • （署名）

5.3 高级词汇替换

使用高级词汇替换基础词汇，可以提升作文档次：

基础词汇 高级替换
good excellent, wonderful, fantastic, outstanding
bad terrible, awful, disappointing
think believe, consider, hold the view that
important significant, essential, vital, crucial
very extremely, considerably, rather
many a great number of, numerous, a variety of
like be fond of, be keen on, enjoy
want would like to, desire, be eager to
help assist, give sb. a hand, do sb. a favor
beautiful attractive, charming, gorgeous

5.4 高级句式

1. 倒装句：

Only in this way can we solve the problem.
（只有这样我们才能解决这个问题。）

Not only does he study hard, but he also takes part in activities.
（他不仅学习努力，还参加活动。）

2. 强调句：

It was yesterday that I met him in the street.
（就是昨天我在街上遇到了他。）

3. with 复合结构：

He sat there, with his eyes closed.
（他坐在那里，闭着眼睛。）

4. 定语从句：

I have a friend, who is good at English.
（我有一个朋友，他擅长英语。）

5. 名词性从句：

What impressed me most was his kindness.
（给我印象最深的是他的善良。）

6. 非谓语动词：

Faced with so many difficulties, he never gave up.
（面对这么多困难，他从未放弃。）

5.5 写作范文示例

题目：假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 来信询问你对高中生活的感受。请给他写一封回信，内容包括：

  1. 高中生活与初中的不同
  2. 你遇到的困难及解决方法
  3. 你对未来的期望

范文：

Dear Tom,

I'm glad to receive your letter. You asked me about my life in senior high school. Now let me share my feelings with you.

Life in senior high school is quite different from that in junior high school. First of all, the courses are much more difficult, especially math and physics. In addition, we have more homework and less free time. However, I have found some ways to deal with these challenges. For example, I make a study plan every day and try to follow it. Besides, I often ask my teachers and classmates for help when I have problems.

Although life in senior high school is busy and challenging, I still enjoy it. I believe that as long as I keep working hard, I will achieve my goals. I hope to go to a good university in the future.

What about your school life? I'm looking forward to your reply.

Best wishes!

Yours,
Li Hua

5.6 写作练习题

题目：假设你是李华，你校将举办英语演讲比赛，请你写一篇演讲稿，主题为"The Importance of Reading"（阅读的重要性）。内容包括：

  1. 阅读的好处（至少两点）
  2. 你的阅读经历
  3. 号召大家多读书

要求：100-120 词，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

第六章 综合练习与参考答案

综合练习一：语法选择

  1. The man ______ lives next door is a famous scientist.

    1. which B. who C. whom D. whose

  2. I'll never forget the day ______ I first met you.

    1. which B. when C. where D. that

  3. ______ is known to us all, the earth goes around the sun.

    1. It B. As C. That D. What

  4. The question is ______ we can finish the work on time.

    1. that B. what C. whether D. which

  5. He suggested that we ______ earlier.

    1. start B. started C. starting D. to start

  6. I can't stand ______ like that.

    1. to be treated B. being treated C. treat D. treating

  7. ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

    1. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose

  8. Is this the reason ______ he gave at the meeting?

    1. why B. for which C. that D. what

  9. ______ he didn't come made us disappointed.

    1. What B. Which C. That D. Whether

  10. The building ______ next year will be our new library.

    1. built B. to be built C. being built D. building

  11. It is the first time that I ______ to Beijing.

    1. go B. went C. have gone D. had gone

  12. I still remember the school ______ I studied ten years ago.

    1. which B. that C. where D. when

  13. The news ______ our team won the match excited us.

    1. which B. what C. that D. whether

  14. ______ more time, I could have done it better.

    1. Give B. Giving C. Given D. To give

  15. He is such a good teacher ______ we all respect.

    1. as B. that C. which D. who

综合练习二：完形填空

通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Li Ming was a student who was not very good at English. He found it difficult to 16 new words. Every time he tried to memorize a word list, he would 17 most of the words the next day. His English teacher, Miss Wang, noticed his problem and gave him some 18.

She told him that the best way to remember words was not to 19 them in isolation. Instead, he should try to use them in 20. She suggested that he read English stories and 21 new words in sentences. She also encouraged him to keep a 22 in English every day.

Li Ming followed her advice. 23 the beginning, it was very hard for him. But he didn't 24. After three months, he found that his English had 25 a lot. He could even read simple English novels without a dictionary.

    1. remember B. forget C. spell D. pronounce
    1. remember B. forget C. miss D. lose
    1. money B. books C. advice D. gifts
    1. use B. read C. memorize D. write
    1. class B. context C. silence D. hurry
    1. look at B. look for C. look up D. look after
    1. diary B. letter C. book D. note
    1. In B. At C. On D. For
    1. give up B. give in C. give away D. give out
    1. changed B. improved C. developed D. grown

综合练习三：阅读理解

阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Learning a foreign language is not just about learning grammar and vocabulary. It is also about understanding a different culture. When you learn English, you are not only learning how to speak and write in English, but also learning about the customs, traditions, and way of life of English-speaking countries.

For example, in English-speaking countries, people often talk about the weather when they meet for the first time. This might seem strange to Chinese people, who usually ask about age, salary, or marital status. However, in Western culture, these topics are considered too personal.

Understanding these cultural differences can help you communicate more effectively with English speakers. It can also help you avoid misunderstandings and make friends more easily.

  1. According to the passage, learning a foreign language is about ______.
  1. only grammar
  2. only vocabulary
  3. grammar, vocabulary, and culture
  4. only culture
  1. In English-speaking countries, people often talk about ______ when they meet for the first time.
  1. age B. salary C. weather D. marital status
  1. In Western culture, asking about age and salary is considered ______.
  1. polite B. friendly C. too personal D. normal
  1. Understanding cultural differences can help you ______.
  1. avoid misunderstandings B. make friends easily C. communicate better D. all of the above
  1. The passage is mainly about ______.
  1. how to learn English grammar
  2. the importance of understanding culture when learning a language
  3. the differences between Chinese and Western culture
  4. how to make English-speaking friends

B

Dear students,

Our school is going to hold an English Festival next month. There will be many interesting activities, including an English speech competition, an English singing contest, an English drama performance, and an English movie night.

The English speech competition will be held on November 15th. Each class should send two students to participate. The topic of the speech is "My Dream." Each speech should be 3-5 minutes long.

The English singing contest will be on November 17th. Students can sign up either individually or in groups. Songs must be in English.

The English drama performance will be on November 20th. Each class should prepare a short English play. The play should be 10-15 minutes long.

The English movie night will be on November 22nd. We will show an English movie with Chinese subtitles in the school hall. All students are welcome.

If you are interested in any of these activities, please sign up at the English Office before November 10th.

  1. How many activities are mentioned in the notice?
  1. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
  1. When will the English speech competition be held?
  1. November 10th B. November 15th C. November 17th D. November 20th
  1. What is the topic of the speech competition?
  1. My School B. My Dream C. My Family D. My Hobby
  1. Who can participate in the English singing contest?
  1. Only individuals B. Only groups C. Both individuals and groups D. Only teachers
  1. Where should students sign up for the activities?
  1. At the school hall B. At the English Office C. At the library D. At the classroom

综合练习四：书面表达

题目：假设你是李华，你的美国笔友 Mike 来信说他最近学习压力很大，感到很焦虑。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：

  1. 表示理解和关心
  2. 提出至少两条建议
  3. 表达鼓励和祝愿

要求：

  • 100-120 词
  • 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯
  • 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数

Dear Mike,

I'm sorry to hear that you are feeling stressed about your studies.

Yours,
Li Hua

参考答案

第一章 练习题答案

  1. whose（先行词 the girl，whose 作定语修饰 father）
  2. when（先行词 the day，when 作时间状语）
  3. why（先行词 the reason，why 作原因状语）
  4. that（先行词 everything，不定代词只能用 that）
  5. which（非限制性定语从句，不能用 that）
  6. that（先行词被最高级修饰，只能用 that）
  7. who/whom/that（先行词 the man，在从句中作 to 的宾语）
  8. which（非限制性定语从句，先行词 Guilin 是物）

第二章 练习题答案

  1. What（主语从句，what 作主语，"……的东西"）
  2. where（宾语从句，表示"在哪里"）
  3. that（同位语从句，解释 fact 的内容，that 不作成分）
  4. that（表语从句，that 不可省略）
  5. whether/if（宾语从句，表示"是否"）
  6. whether（主语从句，只能用 whether，不能用 if）
  7. What（主语从句，what 作 said 的宾语）
  8. that（宾语从句，that 可以省略——陈述客观事实用一般现在时）

第三章 练习题答案

  1. to learn（It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.）
  2. listening（enjoy 后接动名词）
  3. crossing / cross（see sb. doing（正在过）/ do（过了——全过程））
  4. Not knowing（现在分词否定式作原因状语）
  5. standing（现在分词作定语，表主动）
  6. turning off / having turned off（remember doing 表示"记得做过"）
  7. disappointing（修饰物，表示"令人失望的"）
  8. to catch（不定式作目的状语）
  9. being built（现在分词被动式作定语，表"正在被建"）
  10. opening（mind 后接动名词）

第四章 练习题答案

  1. Tom liked playing computer games in his free time.
  2. Because Tom spent most of his free time playing computer games.
  3. She took him to visit a science museum.
  4. He started to read science books, joined a science club, and won first prize in a science competition.
  5. We can learn that finding interest is the best way to change bad habits. / Parents should guide children to find their interests.

综合练习一答案

  1. B who（先行词 the man，指人，在从句中作主语）
  2. B when（先行词 the day，关系副词作时间状语）
  3. B As（as 引导非限制性定语从句，"正如"）
  4. C whether（表语从句，表示"是否"）
  5. A start（suggest 后接宾语从句用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should 可省略）
  6. B being treated（stand 后接动名词，"被对待"用被动）
  7. C Lost（be lost in thought = 陷入沉思，过去分词作状语）
  8. C that（先行词 the reason，在从句中作 gave 的宾语，用 that）
  9. C That（主语从句，that 无实义，不作成分）
  10. B to be built（不定式被动式表将来被动）
  11. C have gone（It is the first time that + 现在完成时）
  12. C where（先行词 the school，关系副词作地点状语）
  13. C that（同位语从句，解释 news 的内容）
  14. C Given（过去分词作条件状语，"如果被给予更多时间"）
  15. A as（such...as... 结构，as 引导定语从句并作 respect 的宾语）

综合练习二答案

  1. A remember
  2. B forget
  3. C advice
  4. C memorize
  5. B context
  6. C look up
  7. A diary
  8. B At
  9. A give up
  10. B improved

综合练习三答案

A篇：26. C 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B

B篇：31. C 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. B

综合练习四 参考范文

Dear Mike,

I'm sorry to hear that you are feeling stressed about your studies. I understand how you feel because I sometimes have the same problem. Here are some suggestions that might help you.

First of all, I think you should learn to relax. You can listen to some soft music or go for a walk after studying. It will help you calm down. Besides, you should make a reasonable study plan. Don't try to do everything at once. Break your tasks into smaller parts and finish them one by one.

Don't worry too much. I believe you can deal with the pressure and make progress. If you need someone to talk to, I'm always here for you.

Best wishes!

Yours,
Li Hua

学习建议

  1. 每日坚持：每天花 30 分钟复习语法知识，做适量练习题。
  2. 积累词汇：准备一个词汇本，每天记 5-10 个新单词，并用它们造句。
  3. 多读多写：坚持每天阅读一篇英语短文，每周写一篇英语作文。
  4. 错题整理：建立错题本，定期回顾，避免重复犯错。
  5. 主动运用：学了新语法就要主动用，只有在实际运用中才能真正掌握。

记住：英语学习是一个循序渐进的过程，不要急于求成。每天进步一点点，坚持下去，你一定能看到显著的提高！

本教程内容为原创编写，适合高一上学期学生使用。建议配合课堂教学，作为课后巩固和预习材料。

文章声明

本文仅供学习和参考，不构成任何投资建议。如有侵权，请联系删除。

相关文章

初中化学元素周期表记忆与应用
2026-06-03
初中语文现代文阅读理解答题技巧
2026-06-03
小学数学思维训练与逻辑推理入门
2026-06-03
九年级语文上册教程——议论文阅读与议论文写作
2026-06-02
目录
快速导航
返回首页 全部文章 AI资讯