内容简介
系统讲解四年级上册英语核心内容,涵盖现在进行时的基本用法、一般疑问句与特殊疑问句、常见动词短语、描述日常活动等。
四年级英语上册教程——现在进行时与一般疑问句
概述
四年级是小学英语学习的过渡阶段,从简单的词汇和对话开始进入初步的语法学习。四年级上册英语的重点是现在进行时和一般疑问句与特殊疑问句的系统学习,同时积累更多常见动词短语,学会描述正在进行的日常活动。
本教程将详细讲解这些核心知识点,配合丰富的例句和练习题,帮助同学们理解和掌握这些语法内容,为更高年级的英语学习打下坚实基础。
核心知识点一:现在进行时的基本用法
1.1 什么是现在进行时?
现在进行时用来表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事情。在中文里,我们用"正在……"来表达,比如"我正在读书"、"他正在跑步"。
1.2 现在进行时的构成
现在进行时的基本结构是:
主语 + be动词(am/is/are)+ 动词-ing + 其他
其中:
- I 后面用 am(I am reading.)
- he/she/it/单数名词 后面用 is(He is running.)
- you/we/they/复数名词 后面用 are(They are playing.)
缩写形式:
- I am = I'm
- He is = He's
- She is = She's
- It is = It's
- We are = We're
- They are = They're
- You are = You're
1.3 动词加-ing 的规则
动词变成-ing形式有以下几种规则:
规则一:一般情况下直接加-ing
- read → reading(读)
- play → playing(玩)
- sing → singing(唱)
- draw → drawing(画)
规则二:以不发音的e结尾,去e加-ing
- make → making(做)
- write → writing(写)
- dance → dancing(跳舞)
- ride → riding(骑)
规则三:以重读闭音节结尾(辅+元+辅),双写末尾字母加-ing
- run → running(跑)
- swim → swimming(游泳)
- sit → sitting(坐)
- get → getting(获取)
规则四:以ie结尾,变ie为y加-ing
- die → dying(死)
- lie → lying(躺)
1.4 现在进行时的例句
肯定句:
- I am reading a book.(我正在读书。)
- She is singing a song.(她正在唱一首歌。)
- They are playing football.(他们正在踢足球。)
- The cat is sleeping on the sofa.(猫正在沙发上睡觉。)
否定句(在be动词后加not):
- I am not watching TV.(我没有在看电视。)
- He is not (isn't) doing his homework.(他没有在做作业。)
- They are not (aren't) swimming.(他们没有在游泳。)
核心知识点二:一般疑问句的构成与回答
2.1 什么是一般疑问句?
一般疑问句是用来询问某事是否属实的问句,通常用"Yes"或"No"来回答。在书写时,一般疑问句末尾用问号"?"。
2.2 be动词引导的一般疑问句
构成方法:将be动词提到主语前面。
| 肯定句 | 一般疑问句 |
|---|---|
| You are a student. | Are you a student? |
| She is reading. | Is she reading? |
| They are playing. | Are they playing? |
回答方式:
- Are you a student? — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
- Is she reading? — Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
- Are they playing? — Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
注意: 简略回答中,不能用缩写形式:
- Yes, I am.(✓) 不能说 Yes, I'm.(✗)
- No, I'm not.(✓) 不能说 No, I not.(✗)
2.3 助动词 do/does 引导的一般疑问句
对于不是用be动词的句子,需要借助助动词 do 或 does:
主语是第一/二人称或复数时,用do:
- You like apples. → Do you like apples?
- They have a dog. → Do they have a dog?
主语是第三人称单数时,用does:
- She likes apples. → Does she like apples?
- He has a dog. → Does he have a dog?
注意: 使用does后,动词要恢复原形:
- Does she likes apples?(✗)
- Does she like apples?(✓)
2.4 can 引导的一般疑问句
将 can 提到主语前面即可:
- You can swim. → Can you swim? — Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
- She can dance. → Can she dance? — Yes, she can. / No, she can't.
核心知识点三:特殊疑问句
3.1 什么是特殊疑问句?
特殊疑问句是以疑问词开头的问句,用来询问具体信息,不能用"Yes/No"回答。
3.2 常见疑问词及用法
What(什么)— 询问事物
- What are you doing?(你正在做什么?)
- I'm drawing a picture.(我正在画一幅画。)
- What is she reading?(她在读什么?)
- She's reading a storybook.(她在读一本故事书。)
Where(哪里)— 询问地点
- Where is he going?(他要去哪里?)
- He's going to the park.(他要去公园。)
- Where are they playing?(他们在哪里玩?)
- They're playing in the garden.(他们在花园里玩。)
Who(谁)— 询问人物
- Who is singing?(谁在唱歌?)
- Lily is singing.(莉莉在唱歌。)
- Who are you waiting for?(你在等谁?)
- I'm waiting for my mum.(我在等我妈妈。)
When(什么时候)— 询问时间
- When do you get up?(你什么时候起床?)
- I get up at seven.(我七点起床。)
Why(为什么)— 询问原因
- Why are you crying?(你为什么哭?)
- Because I'm sad.(因为我很伤心。)
3.3 特殊疑问句的构成
疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序?
例如:
- What + are you doing? → What are you doing?
- Where + is he going? → Where is he going?
- Who + is singing? → Who is singing?(who作主语时语序不变)
核心知识点四:常见动词短语
4.1 日常活动类动词短语
| 英文短语 | 中文 | 英文短语 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| read a book | 读书 | write a letter | 写信 |
| do homework | 做作业 | watch TV | 看电视 |
| listen to music | 听音乐 | play the piano | 弹钢琴 |
| play football | 踢足球 | play basketball | 打篮球 |
| fly a kite | 放风筝 | ride a bike | 骑自行车 |
| take photos | 拍照 | draw a picture | 画画 |
| wash clothes | 洗衣服 | cook dinner | 做晚饭 |
| clean the room | 打扫房间 | water the flowers | 浇花 |
4.2 动词短语在现在进行时中的运用
将上述短语放入现在进行时的句型中:
- I am doing my homework.(我正在做作业。)
- Mum is cooking dinner.(妈妈正在做晚饭。)
- Dad is washing clothes.(爸爸正在洗衣服。)
- We are playing football.(我们正在踢足球。)
- She is listening to music.(她正在听音乐。)
- They are flying kites.(他们正在放风筝。)
4.3 "What are you doing?" 对话练习
Tom: Hi, Lily! What are you doing? Lily: I'm reading a book. What about you? Tom: I'm drawing a picture. Lily: That's great! Can I see it? Tom: Sure! Here you are.
这段对话展示了如何用现在进行时描述自己正在做的事情,以及如何询问对方。
核心知识点五:描述日常活动的时间表达
5.1 常见时间表达
| 英文 | 中文 | 英文 | 中文 |
|---|---|---|---|
| in the morning | 在早上 | in the afternoon | 在下午 |
| in the evening | 在晚上 | at night | 在夜里 |
| at 7:00 | 在七点 | at noon | 在中午 |
| every day | 每天 | on Monday | 在星期一 |
| today | 今天 | tomorrow | 明天 |
| now | 现在 | usually | 通常 |
5.2 描述一天的活动
用现在进行时和一般现在时结合描述:
一般现在时(描述习惯性动作):
- I usually get up at seven.(我通常七点起床。)
- I go to school at eight.(我八点去上学。)
- I have lunch at twelve.(我十二点吃午饭。)
现在进行时(描述此刻正在做的事):
- Now I am having an English class.(现在我正在上英语课。)
- Look! The bird is singing in the tree.(看!小鸟正在树上唱歌。)
- Listen! Someone is playing the piano.(听!有人正在弹钢琴。)
5.3 标志性词语
一般现在时的标志词: usually(通常)、always(总是)、often(经常)、every day(每天)、sometimes(有时候)
现在进行时的标志词: now(现在)、look(看)、listen(听)、at the moment(此刻)
练习题
练习一:写出下列动词的-ing形式
- read → ________
- make → ________
- run → ________
- swim → ________
- dance → ________
- sit → ________
- write → ________
- play → ________
- get → ________
- draw → ________
参考答案:
- reading(直接加-ing)
- making(去e加-ing)
- running(双写n加-ing)
- swimming(双写m加-ing)
- dancing(去e加-ing)
- sitting(双写t加-ing)
- writing(去e加-ing)
- playing(直接加-ing)
- getting(双写t加-ing)
- drawing(直接加-ing)
练习二:用现在进行时完成句子
用所给动词的正确形式填空:
- Look! The cat ________ (sleep) on the bed.
- We ________ (have) an English class now.
- Listen! Someone ________ (sing) in the next room.
- ________ you ________ (do) your homework?
- She ________ (not watch) TV. She ________ (read) a book.
参考答案:
- is sleeping(Look!提示用现在进行时)
- are having(now是现在进行时标志词)
- is singing(Listen!提示用现在进行时)
- Are, doing(一般疑问句,be动词提前)
- isn't watching; is reading(否定句和肯定句都用现在进行时)
练习三:句型转换
按要求改写句子:
- She is reading a book.(改为一般疑问句)
- They are playing football.(改为否定句)
- He is drawing a picture.(对画线部分提问:What)
- I am watching TV.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
- The children are swimming in the pool.(对地点提问)
参考答案:
- Is she reading a book?
- They are not (aren't) playing football.
- What is he drawing?
- Are you watching TV? — No, I'm not.
- Where are the children swimming?
练习四:选择题
选出正确的答案:
Look! The boys ________ football on the playground.
-
- play B. plays C. are playing
-
— ________ is she doing? — She is singing.
-
- Who B. What C. Where
-
— Are you doing your homework? — ________
-
- Yes, I am. B. Yes, I do. C. Yes, I can.
-
My mother ________ dinner now.
-
- cook B. cooks C. is cooking
-
They ________ to school every day.
-
- go B. goes C. are going
-
参考答案:
- C(Look!提示正在发生,用现在进行时)
- B(询问"什么"用What)
- A(Are you...?的肯定回答用Yes, I am.)
- C(now提示用现在进行时)
- A(every day提示用一般现在时,主语They用原形)
练习五:阅读理解
阅读下面的短文,回答问题:
It is Sunday morning. The weather is fine. Look! The Smith family are in the park. Mr. Smith is reading a newspaper under a tree. Mrs. Smith is taking photos of the flowers. Tom and his sister Lucy are playing with a dog. Tom is throwing a ball and the dog is running to catch it. Lucy is laughing happily. They are having a good time.
- What day is it?
- What is Mr. Smith doing?
- What is Mrs. Smith doing?
- What is Tom doing?
- How are the Smith family?
参考答案:
- It is Sunday.
- He is reading a newspaper under a tree.
- She is taking photos of the flowers.
- Tom is throwing a ball and playing with a dog.
- They are having a good time.(他们玩得很开心。)
总结
四年级上册英语的核心知识点包括:
- 现在进行时:这是本学期最重要的语法点。要掌握"be动词 + 动词-ing"的结构,理解动词加-ing的三种规则(直接加、去e加、双写加),并能在实际语境中正确运用。
- 一般疑问句:掌握be动词、do/does、can引导的一般疑问句的构成方法和回答方式,注意语序变化和简略回答的规范。
- 特殊疑问句:学会使用what、where、who、when、why等疑问词提问,并能正确回答。
- 动词短语:积累常见的日常活动动词短语,能够用现在进行时描述正在进行的活动。
- 时间表达:理解一般现在时和现在进行时的区别,掌握各自的标志性词语。
学习建议:
- 多做句型转换练习,熟悉疑问句的构成
- 用现在进行时描述家人或朋友正在做的事情
- 制作动词-ing变化规则卡片,随时复习
- 每天用英语写2-3个句子描述自己正在做的事情
语法学习需要大量的练习和运用,希望同学们在理解规则的基础上多加实践,英语水平一定会稳步提升!
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