六年级英语上册教程——综合时态与阅读提升

概述

六年级是小学阶段的最后一年，也是备战小升初的关键时期。六年级上册英语学习的重点在于综合时态的辨析运用和阅读理解能力的提升。经过三到五年的英语学习，我们已经掌握了一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时等多种时态。现在，我们需要学会在实际语境中准确识别和灵活运用这些时态。

同时，阅读理解是小升初英语考试的重头戏。本教程将系统讲解阅读理解的解题技巧，帮助你提升阅读速度和理解准确率，为小升初考试做好充分准备。

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核心知识点一：五大基础时态全面回顾

时态概览表

时态	用法	结构	时间标志词
一般现在时	经常性动作/事实	主语 + 动词原形/三单	always, usually, every day
现在进行时	正在进行的动作	am/is/are + doing	now, look, listen
一般过去时	过去发生的动作	主语 + 动词过去式	yesterday, last week, ago
一般将来时	将要发生的动作	will/be going to + 动词原形	tomorrow, next week, soon
现在完成时	过去动作对现在的影响	have/has + 过去分词	already, yet, since, for

一般现在时

用法： 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实。

例句：

• I go to school every day.（我每天上学。）
• She likes reading books.（她喜欢读书。）
• The sun rises in the east.（太阳从东方升起。）

易错点： 第三人称单数动词要加 -s/-es

• He plays basketball after school.（不是 play）
• She watches TV in the evening.（不是 watch）

现在进行时

用法： 表示说话时正在进行的动作。

例句：

• I am reading a book now.（我现在正在看书。）
• Look! They are playing football.（看！他们正在踢足球。）
• Listen! She is singing a song.（听！她正在唱歌。）

动词 -ing 的变化规则：

1. 一般加 -ing：play → playing
2. 以不发音的 e 结尾去 e 加 -ing：make → making
3. 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加 -ing：run → running
4. 以 ie 结尾变 ie 为 y 加 -ing：die → dying

一般过去时

用法： 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

例句：

• I visited my grandparents last weekend.（我上周末看望了爷爷奶奶。）
• She was very happy yesterday.（她昨天很开心。）
• They didn't go to school on Monday.（他们周一没去上学。）

动词过去式的变化规则：

1. 一般加 -ed：worked, played
2. 以 e 结尾加 -d：lived, loved
3. 辅音+y 结尾变 y 为 i 加 -ed：studied, carried
4. 重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加 -ed：stopped, planned
5. 不规则变化：go → went, see → saw, eat → ate

一般将来时

用法： 表示将要发生的动作或打算做某事。

例句：

• I will help you with your homework.（我会帮你做作业的。）
• She is going to visit Beijing next month.（她下个月打算去北京。）
• We won't be late.（我们不会迟到的。）

现在完成时

用法： 表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，或从过去持续到现在的状态。

例句：

• I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业。）
• She has lived here since 2019.（她从2019年起就住在这里。）
• Have you ever been to Shanghai?（你去过上海吗？）

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核心知识点二：时态综合辨析方法

辨析方法一：看时间标志词

这是最快速、最可靠的判断方法。

判断步骤：

1. 找标志词 → 确定时态
2. 看动词形式 → 验证判断
3. 结合语境 → 最终确认

实战演练：

例题： Look! The children ________ (play) in the park.

• 标志词：Look!（看！）
• 判断：现在进行时
• 答案：are playing

例题： She ________ (visit) her uncle last Sunday.

• 标志词：last Sunday（上周日）
• 判断：一般过去时
• 答案：visited

例题： I ________ (already/finish) reading this book.

• 标志词：already（已经）
• 判断：现在完成时
• 答案：have already finished

例题： We ________ (go) to the cinema tomorrow.

• 标志词：tomorrow（明天）
• 判断：一般将来时
• 答案：will go / are going to go

例题： My mother ________ (cook) dinner every evening.

• 标志词：every evening（每天晚上）
• 判断：一般现在时
• 答案：cooks

辨析方法二：看语境和上下文

有些句子没有明显的标志词，需要根据上下文来判断。

例题：

— What ________ you ________ (do) yesterday? — I ________ (go) to the library and ________ (read) a book.

分析：yesterday 表明是过去的事情，用一般过去时。 答案：did; do / went; read

例题：

— ________ you ________ (finish) your homework yet? — Yes, I ________. I ________ (finish) it an hour ago.

分析：yet 表明第一句用现在完成时；an hour ago 表明第二句用一般过去时。 答案：Have; finished / have / finished

辨析方法三：时态对比练习

对比一：一般过去时 vs 现在完成时

一般过去时	现在完成时
强调过去的时间	强调对现在的影响
I saw him yesterday.	I have seen him before.
She went to Beijing last year.	She has been to Beijing.

对比二：一般现在时 vs 现在进行时

一般现在时	现在进行时
经常性动作	正在进行的动作
I read books every day.	I am reading a book now.
She sings well.	She is singing on the stage.

对比三：will vs be going to

will	be going to
临时决定	事先计划
I think it will rain.	Look! It is going to rain.

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核心知识点三：阅读理解技巧提升

技巧一：先读题目，再读文章

做阅读理解时，不要急于通读全文。先快速浏览题目，带着问题去读文章，这样可以提高阅读效率。

步骤：

1. 先看题目，了解问什么
2. 带着问题快速浏览文章
3. 找到相关信息，仔细阅读
4. 确认答案，检查一遍

技巧二：抓住文章主旨

找主旨句的方法：

• 通常在文章的第一段或最后一段
• 每段的第一句往往是该段的主题句
• 注意 but, however, so, therefore 等转折和总结词后的句子

例文：

Dogs are popular pets all over the world. They are friendly and loyal. Many families have dogs as their pets. Dogs can help people in many ways. Some dogs help blind people. Some dogs help the police. Dogs are really our best friends.

主旨句：Dogs are popular pets all over the world.（第一句） 结论句：Dogs are really our best friends.（最后一句）

技巧三：理解关键词和上下文推测

遇到不认识的单词时，不要慌张。可以通过以下方法推测词义：

方法1：根据上下文推测

The boy is very naughty. He always plays tricks on his classmates and makes them angry.

从"plays tricks"和"makes them angry"可以推测 naughty 的意思是"淘气的"。

方法2：根据构词法推测

• unhappy = un（不）+ happy（高兴）= 不高兴的
• careless = care（关心）+ less（没有）= 粗心的
• beautiful = beauty（美）+ ful（充满）= 美丽的

方法3：根据同义词或反义词推测

He is very brave. He is not afraid of anything. His brother, however, is very cowardly and fears everything.

从对比关系可以推测 cowardly 是 brave（勇敢）的反义词，即"胆小的"。

技巧四：常见题型解题策略

1. 细节理解题

• 策略：回到原文找到相关句子，仔细对比选项
• 关键词：According to the passage, Which of the following is TRUE/NOT TRUE

2. 主旨大意题

• 策略：综合全文，抓住中心思想
• 关键词：What is the main idea, The best title, This passage is mainly about

3. 推理判断题

• 策略：根据文中线索进行合理推理
• 关键词：We can infer, The author probably thinks, What will happen next

4. 词义猜测题

• 策略：结合上下文和构词法推测
• 关键词：The underlined word means, What does "..."

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核心知识点四：写作框架训练

英语作文的基本结构

三段式结构：

1. 开头段（Opening）： 引出话题，表明观点
2. 中间段（Body）： 展开论述，提供细节
3. 结尾段（Ending）： 总结全文，重申观点

常见作文类型及模板

类型一：描述经历（My Experience）

开头： Last weekend / During the holiday, I had a wonderful time. Let me tell you about it. 中间： First, I went to... Then, I... After that, I... Finally, I... 结尾： I felt very happy/excited. It was a great experience. I hope I can go there again.

类型二：观点表达（My Opinion）

开头： I think... / In my opinion, ... 中间： First of all, ... Secondly, ... What's more, ... 结尾： In conclusion, ... / All in all, I believe...

类型三：计划描述（My Plan）

开头： I'm going to... / I have a plan for... 中间： On the first day, I will... On the second day, I'm going to... Then, I plan to... 结尾： I think it will be a great... I can't wait!

写作常用连接词

功能	连接词
递进	and, also, besides, what's more, moreover
转折	but, however, although, yet
因果	because, so, therefore, as a result
顺序	first, then, next, after that, finally
举例	for example, such as, like
总结	in conclusion, all in all, in a word

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核心知识点五：小升初英语备考策略

1. 语法复习策略

分类整理法： 将语法知识按类别整理

• 时态类：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时
• 词性类：名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词
• 句型类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

错题本法： 建立自己的错题本

• 记录做错的题目
• 分析错误原因
• 定期复习错题

2. 词汇记忆策略

分类记忆法： 按主题分类记忆单词

• 学校类：school, classroom, library, playground
• 食物类：rice, noodle, vegetable, fruit
• 动物类：dog, cat, bird, fish

联想记忆法： 通过联想帮助记忆

• 同义词联想：happy = glad = pleased
• 反义词联想：big ↔ small, hot ↔ cold
• 词根联想：teach → teacher, work → worker

3. 听力提升策略

• 每天坚持听英语录音15-20分钟
• 先听大意，再听细节
• 跟读模仿，提升语感

4. 考试时间分配建议

题型	建议时间	占比
听力	15分钟	25%
单选/语法	10分钟	15%
完形填空	10分钟	15%
阅读理解	15分钟	25%
写作	10分钟	20%

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练习题

练习一：时态综合填空

用所给动词的正确时态填空。

1. Look! The baby ________ (cry). What's wrong with him?
2. My father ________ (go) to work by bus every day.
3. I ________ (visit) the museum last Saturday.
4. She ________ (already/finish) her homework. Now she can play.
5. We ________ (have) a picnic if the weather is fine tomorrow.
6. He ________ (live) in this city since he was born.
7. The children ________ (play) basketball at 3:00 yesterday afternoon.
8. I ________ (be) twelve years old next month.

答案：

1. is crying（Look! 提示现在进行时）
2. goes（every day 提示一般现在时，第三人称单数）
3. visited（last Saturday 提示一般过去时）
4. has already finished（already 提示现在完成时）
5. will have / are going to have（tomorrow 提示一般将来时）
6. has lived（since 提示现在完成时）
7. were playing（at 3:00 yesterday afternoon 提示过去进行时，但小学阶段可填 played）
8. will be / am going to be（next month 提示一般将来时）

练习二：阅读理解

阅读短文，判断正误（T/F）并回答问题。

Li Ming is a student. He gets up at 6:30 every morning. He has breakfast at 7:00 and goes to school at 7:30. His favourite subject is English because he thinks it is very useful. He has already read many English books. Last weekend, he went to the bookshop and bought two new English books. He is going to join the English club next month. He believes if he works hard, he will speak English very well one day.

1. Li Ming gets up at 7:00 every morning. ( )
2. His favourite subject is Chinese. ( )
3. He has read many English books. ( )
4. He went to the bookshop last month. ( )
5. He is going to join the English club next month. ( )

答案：

1. F（He gets up at 6:30.）
2. F（His favourite subject is English.）
3. T（He has already read many English books.）
4. F（He went to the bookshop last weekend.）
5. T

回答问题： 6. Why does Li Ming like English? 7. What did he do last weekend? 8. What does he believe?

答案： 6. Because he thinks it is very useful. 7. He went to the bookshop and bought two new English books. 8. He believes if he works hard, he will speak English very well one day.

练习三：选择正确的时态

1. I ________ (read / am reading / have read) a book now. Please don't disturb me.
2. She ________ (writes / wrote / has written) a letter to her friend yesterday.
3. They ________ (play / are playing / will play) football every afternoon.
4. We ________ (have already visited / already visited / will already visit) the Science Museum.
5. He ________ (goes / went / will go) to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.

答案：

1. am reading（now 提示现在进行时）
2. wrote（yesterday 提示一般过去时）
3. play（every afternoon 提示一般现在时）
4. have already visited（already 提示现在完成时）
5. will go（tomorrow 提示一般将来时，if 条件句中主句用将来时）

练习四：写作练习

请以"My Holiday Plan"为题，写一篇不少于60词的短文。

要求：

1. 使用至少三种不同的时态
2. 使用连接词（first, then, finally 等）
3. 内容合理，语法正确

参考范文：

My Holiday Plan

The summer holiday is coming. I am going to have a wonderful holiday. First, I will finish all my homework in the first week. Then, I am going to visit my grandparents in the countryside. I have always wanted to see them because I haven't seen them for a long time.

After that, I plan to go to a summer camp. I will learn English and make new friends there. I think it will be very interesting. Finally, I want to read some good books. My teacher has recommended some great books to me.

I believe this holiday will be the best one. I can't wait!

练习五：时态改错

下列各句均有一处时态错误，请找出并改正。

1. I am go to school every day.
2. She has went to the library.
3. They play football at 4:00 yesterday.
4. He will visits his uncle tomorrow.
5. I have saw this movie before.

答案：

1. am go → go（一般现在时不需要 be 动词）
2. went → gone（现在完成时用过去分词，go 的过去分词是 gone）
3. play → were playing / played（yesterday 表示过去，可用一般过去时或过去进行时）
4. visits → visit（will 后面用动词原形）
5. saw → seen（现在完成时用过去分词，see 的过去分词是 seen）

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总结

本教程系统讲解了六年级上册英语的核心内容：

1. 五大基础时态的全面回顾：一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时的结构、用法和标志词。

2. 时态综合辨析方法：通过时间标志词、语境上下文和对比分析三种方法准确判断时态。

3. 阅读理解技巧：先读题目再读文章、抓住主旨句、根据上下文推测词义、掌握不同题型的解题策略。

4. 写作框架训练：三段式结构、常见作文类型模板和常用连接词的运用。

5. 小升初备考策略：语法分类整理、错题本建立、词汇分类记忆和考试时间分配。

六年级是小学英语学习的总结和提升阶段。希望同学们能够系统复习已学知识，查漏补缺，为小升初考试做好充分准备。记住，坚持练习是学好英语的关键！