六年级英语下册教程——小升初英语总复习

概述

六年级下册是小学英语学习的最后冲刺阶段，也是小升初考试的备战关键期。本教程将对小学阶段所学的英语知识进行系统梳理和全面复习，涵盖语法、词汇、句型、阅读和写作等各个方面。

通过对知识点的分类总结、常考题型的解题技巧讲解和模拟训练，帮助同学们查漏补缺，巩固基础，提升应试能力，以最好的状态迎接小升初英语考试。

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核心知识点一：小学英语语法系统梳理

一、词性分类总览

小学阶段涉及的主要词性包括：

词性	英文	作用	举例
名词	Noun	表示人、事物、地点	book, teacher, park
动词	Verb	表示动作或状态	run, eat, is
形容词	Adjective	描述名词的特征	big, happy, red
副词	Adverb	修饰动词、形容词	quickly, very, well
代词	Pronoun	代替名词	I, he, they, this
介词	Preposition	表示关系	in, on, at, under
连词	Conjunction	连接词或句子	and, but, because
冠词	Article	限定名词	a, an, the

二、名词

可数名词复数变化规则：

规则	方法	举例
一般情况	加 -s	book → books
以 s, x, sh, ch 结尾	加 -es	box → boxes
以辅音+y 结尾	变 y 为 i 加 -es	baby → babies
以 f/fe 结尾	变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es	knife → knives
不规则变化	特殊记忆	man → men, child → children

不可数名词： water, milk, rice, bread, homework, news 等没有复数形式。

名词所有格：

• 单数名词加 's：Tom's book（汤姆的书）
• 复数名词以 s 结尾加 '：the students' classroom（学生们的教室）
• 复数名词不以 s 结尾加 's：Children's Day（儿童节）

三、代词

人称代词：

人称	主格	宾格	形容词性物主代词	名词性物主代词
第一人称单数	I	me	my	mine
第二人称	you	you	your	yours
第三人称单数	he/she/it	him/her/it	his/her/its	his/hers/its
第一人称复数	we	us	our	ours
第三人称复数	they	them	their	theirs

用法区分：

• 主格用作主语：I like English.
• 宾格用作宾语：Please help me.
• 形容词性物主代词修饰名词：This is my book.
• 名词性物主代词独立使用：This book is mine.

四、介词

时间介词：

介词	用法	举例
at	具体时刻	at 8:00, at noon
on	具体日期/星期	on Monday, on June 1st
in	年/月/季节/较长时间	in 2024, in May, in summer
for	持续一段时间	for two hours
since	从某个时间点起	since 2020

地点介词：

介词	含义	举例
in	在……里面	in the box
on	在……上面	on the table
under	在……下面	under the bed
behind	在……后面	behind the door
between	在……之间	between A and B
near	在……附近	near the school
next to	紧挨着	next to the park

五、形容词和副词的比较级最高级

规则变化：

• 单音节加 -er/-est：tall → taller → tallest
• 多音节用 more/most：beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful

不规则变化：

原级	比较级	最高级
good	better	best
bad	worse	worst
many/much	more	most
little	less	least
far	farther	farthest

常用句型：

• A is + 比较级 + than B：Tom is taller than Jerry.
• A is the + 最高级 + in/of...：She is the tallest in our class.
• 比较级 + and + 比较级：It's getting colder and colder.

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核心知识点二：小学英语五大时态总结

时态对比总表

时态	构成	用途	标志词	例句
一般现在时	动词原形/三单	习惯、事实	always, every day	He plays football every day.
现在进行时	am/is/are + doing	正在进行	now, look	She is reading now.
一般过去时	动词过去式	过去的事	yesterday, ago	I went to Beijing last year.
一般将来时	will/be going to + 原形	将来的事	tomorrow, next	We will go tomorrow.
现在完成时	have/has + 过去分词	已完成/持续	already, since	I have finished it.

时态选择三步法

第一步：找时间标志词

• 看到 every day → 一般现在时
• 看到 now/look → 现在进行时
• 看到 yesterday/ago → 一般过去时
• 看到 tomorrow/next → 一般将来时
• 看到 already/since/for → 现在完成时

第二步：看动词形式

• 动词原形/三单 → 一般现在时
• be + doing → 现在进行时
• 动词过去式 → 一般过去时
• will/be going to + 原形 → 一般将来时
• have/has + 过去分词 → 现在完成时

第三步：结合语境确认

• 没有标志词时，根据上下文判断

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核心知识点三：常考句型与句式转换

一、四大基本句型

1. 陈述句

• 肯定：I like apples. / She is a teacher.
• 否定：I don't like apples. / She isn't a teacher.

2. 疑问句

• 一般疑问句：Do you like apples? / Is she a teacher?
• 特殊疑问句：What do you like? / What is she?
• 选择疑问句：Do you like apples or oranges?

3. 祈使句

• 肯定：Open the door, please. / Let's go!
• 否定：Don't be late. / Don't run in the hall.

4. 感叹句

• What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词！What a beautiful flower!
• How + 形容词/副词！How beautiful!

二、句式转换技巧

肯定句 → 否定句：

1. 有 be 动词/情态动词 → 后加 not
   • He is happy. → He is not happy.
   • She can swim. → She cannot swim.
2. 没有 be 动词/情态动词 → 借助 don't/doesn't/didn't
   • I like music. → I don't like music.
   • He likes music. → He doesn't like music.
   • She went home. → She didn't go home.

陈述句 → 一般疑问句：

1. 有 be 动词/情态动词 → 提前到句首
   • He is a student. → Is he a student?
   • She can dance. → Can she dance?
2. 没有 be 动词/情态动词 → 借助 Do/Does/Did
   • I like music. → Do you like music?
   • He likes music. → Does he like music?

对划线部分提问（变特殊疑问句）：

1. 确定疑问词（what, where, when, who, how, why 等）
2. 去掉划线部分
3. 剩余部分变一般疑问句

划线内容	疑问词
事物	what
地点	where
时间	when
人	who
方式	how
原因	why
价格	how much
数量	how many

例句：

• I go to school by bus. → How do you go to school?
• She is in the park. → Where is she?
• He gets up at 6:30. → When does he get up?

三、There be 句型

结构： There is/are + 名词 + 地点

就近原则： be 动词与最近的名词保持一致

• There is a book and two pens on the desk.
• There are two pens and a book on the desk.

否定句： There isn't/aren't... 疑问句： Is/Are there...?

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核心知识点四：词汇分类总结

高频主题词汇

1. 学校生活类

中文	英文	中文	英文
学校	school	教室	classroom
老师	teacher	学生	student
作业	homework	考试	test/exam
课本	textbook	铅笔	pencil
橡皮	eraser	尺子	ruler
书包	schoolbag	黑板	blackboard
上课	have a class	下课	after class
迟到	be late	擦黑板	clean the blackboard

2. 家庭与日常类

中文	英文	中文	英文
家庭	family	父亲	father/dad
母亲	mother/mom	兄弟	brother
姐妹	sister	祖父母	grandparents
做饭	cook	打扫	clean
洗衣服	do the laundry	购物	go shopping

3. 食物与健康类

中文	英文	中文	英文
早餐	breakfast	午餐	lunch
晚餐	dinner	水果	fruit
蔬菜	vegetable	肉	meat
米饭	rice	面条	noodle
健康的	healthy	生病的	sick/ill

4. 动物与自然类

中文	英文	中文	英文
狗	dog	猫	cat
鸟	bird	鱼	fish
大象	elephant	猴子	monkey
树	tree	花	flower
河流	river	山	mountain
天气	weather	季节	season

5. 交通与旅行类

中文	英文	中文	英文
公共汽车	bus	火车	train
飞机	plane/airplane	自行车	bicycle
步行	on foot	机场	airport
火车站	train station	地图	map

常见易混淆词辨析

词组	区别	例句
some / any	some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定/疑问句	I have some books. / Do you have any books?
many / much	many 修饰可数名词，much 修饰不可数名词	many students / much water
a few / a little	a few 修饰可数名词，a little 修饰不可数名词	a few apples / a little milk
look / see / watch	look 强调看的动作，see 强调结果，watch 强调观看	look at the blackboard / see a bird / watch TV
say / speak / talk / tell	say 强调说的内容，speak 强调语言，talk 强调交谈，tell 强调告诉	say hello / speak English / talk to sb / tell a story

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核心知识点五：常考题型解题技巧

一、单项选择题

解题步骤：

1. 读题，找出考点（时态、词性、句型等）
2. 排除明显错误的选项
3. 根据语法规则和语境选择最佳答案

常考考点：

• 时态选择（看标志词）
• 词性辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词）
• 介词搭配
• 固定短语
• 主谓一致

例题：

The children ________ happily in the park now.

1. plays B. are playing C. played D. will play

解析： 标志词 now 提示用现在进行时，主语 children 是复数。 答案：B

二、完形填空题

解题技巧：

1. 先通读全文，了解大意
2. 根据上下文和语法知识选择答案
3. 填完后通读检查，确保语义通顺

注意点：

• 注意动词的时态一致性
• 注意名词的单复数
• 注意前后文的逻辑关系

三、阅读理解题

解题策略：

1. 细节题

• 回原文定位关键信息
• 仔细对比选项和原文

2. 主旨题

• 关注首尾段和各段首句
• 概括全文中心思想

3. 推断题

• 根据文中线索合理推理
• 注意作者的态度和倾向

4. 词义猜测题

• 利用上下文推测
• 利用构词法推测

四、书面表达题

写作步骤：

1. 审题： 确定主题、人称、时态
2. 列提纲： 确定内容要点
3. 写作： 按三段式结构组织
4. 检查： 检查语法、拼写、标点

写作模板（以 My Favourite... 为例）：

开头： I have many... But my favourite... is...

中间： There are many reasons. First, ... Second, ... Besides, ...

结尾： I like... very much. I hope... / In a word, ...

写作注意事项：

• 句子开头要大写
• 句末要有标点
• 时态要一致
• 不会的词用简单的词替代
• 字数要达到要求

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练习题

练习一：语法综合选择

请选择最佳答案。

1. There ________ a book and two pens on the desk.

   1. is B. are C. have D. has

2. ________ beautiful the flower is!

   1. What B. What a C. How D. How a

3. I ________ to the Great Wall last summer.

   1. go B. goes C. went D. have gone

4. She ________ English since she was five.

   1. learn B. learns C. learned D. has learned

5. — ________ do you go to school? — By bus.

   1. What B. Where C. How D. When

6. The boy is ________ than his brother.

   1. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest

7. — Can you ________ Chinese? — Yes, a little.

   1. say B. speak C. talk D. tell

8. ________ interesting book it is!

   1. What B. What a C. What an D. How

9. Don't ________ late for school.

   1. be B. is C. are D. am

10. My mother often ________ dinner for us.

    1. cook B. cooks C. cooked D. is cooking

答案：

1. A（就近原则，a book 是单数）
2. C（How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！）
3. C（last summer 提示一般过去时）
4. D（since 提示现在完成时）
5. C（By bus 是交通方式，用 How 提问）
6. B（两者比较用比较级 taller）
7. B（说某种语言用 speak）
8. C（What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词！interesting 以元音音素开头用 an）
9. A（祈使句否定形式 Don't + 动词原形）
10. B（often 提示一般现在时，主语第三人称单数加 -s）

练习二：句型转换

按要求改写下列句子。

1. She is a beautiful girl.（改为感叹句）
2. I like apples very much.（改为否定句）
3. He goes to school by bike.（对 by bike 提问）
4. They have already finished their homework.（改为一般疑问句）
5. The book is on the desk.（对 on the desk 提问）

答案：

1. What a beautiful girl she is! 或 How beautiful the girl is!
2. I don't like apples very much.
3. How does he go to school?
4. Have they finished their homework yet?
5. Where is the book?

练习三：完形填空

阅读短文，选择最佳答案。

Li Hua is a Chinese boy. He (1)______ in Beijing with his family. Every morning, he (2)______ up at 6:30. He (3)______ breakfast at 7:00 and then goes to school. His favourite subject (4)______ English. He (5)______ English since he was seven. Last week, he (6)______ an English speech contest and (7)______ first prize. He was very happy. He (8)______ to study harder and become an English teacher in the future.

1. 1. live B. lives C. living D. lived
2. 1. get B. gets C. got D. is getting
3. 1. have B. has C. had D. is having
4. 1. am B. is C. are D. be
5. 1. study B. studies C. studied D. has studied
6. 1. join B. joins C. joined D. has joined
7. 1. win B. wins C. won D. has won
8. 1. want B. wants C. wanted D. is wanting

答案：

1. B（一般现在时，第三人称单数）
2. B（every morning 提示一般现在时）
3. B（第三人称单数）
4. B（主语 subject 是单数）
5. D（since 提示现在完成时）
6. C（last week 提示一般过去时）
7. C（与第6题并列，一般过去时）
8. B（一般现在时，表达现在的愿望）

练习四：阅读理解

阅读短文，回答问题。

The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. It usually comes in January or February. Before the festival, people clean their houses and buy new clothes. On New Year's Eve, families get together and have a big dinner. Children can get red packets with money inside. During the festival, people visit their relatives and friends. They say "Happy New Year" to each other. The festival lasts about fifteen days. People eat dumplings, watch fireworks and enjoy themselves.

1. When does the Spring Festival usually come?
2. What do people do before the festival?
3. What can children get during the festival?
4. How long does the festival last?
5. What do people eat during the festival?

答案：

1. It usually comes in January or February.
2. They clean their houses and buy new clothes.
3. They can get red packets with money inside.
4. It lasts about fifteen days.
5. They eat dumplings.

练习五：书面表达

请以"My School Life"为题，写一篇不少于60词的短文。

要求：

1. 介绍你的学校生活（课程、活动、感受等）
2. 使用至少三种时态
3. 语法正确，语句通顺

参考范文：

My School Life

I am a Grade 6 student. My school life is very busy but interesting. I usually get up at 6:30 and go to school at 7:30. We have many subjects, such as Chinese, maths, English, science and PE.

My favourite subject is English because I think it is very useful. I have learned English since I was seven. Last term, I won the English competition. I was very proud of myself.

After school, I often play basketball with my friends. Sometimes I go to the library to read books. I am going to study harder this term because I want to get into a good middle school. I believe my school life will be more wonderful!

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总结

本教程对小学英语的核心知识进行了系统梳理和全面复习：

1. 语法系统梳理：涵盖了名词、代词、介词、形容词和副词等词性，以及五大时态的构成和用法。

2. 常考句型与句式转换：包括四大基本句型、肯定句与否定句的转换、陈述句与疑问句的转换、对划线部分提问等核心技巧。

3. 词汇分类总结：按主题分类整理了高频词汇，并对易混淆词进行了辨析。

4. 题型解题技巧：针对单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解和书面表达四大题型提供了具体的解题策略。

5. 综合练习：通过多样化的练习题帮助巩固所学知识。

小升初英语考试虽然有一定难度，但只要我们系统复习、查漏补缺、多做练习，就一定能取得理想的成绩。希望同学们在最后的冲刺阶段保持信心，坚持努力，相信自己一定能行！加油！